Differentiating between pipistrelle species based on tooth morphology On the upper tooth row, pipistrelle bats have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars and on the lower tooth row, 3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars. The two premolars present are named P2 (the smallest) and P4 (the largest) and it is the position of the second premolar (P2) that is the most important feature separating Nathusius' pipistrelle from common and soprano pipistrelles. For Nathusius' pipistrelles, P2 is large and is fully in the tooth-row and extending well above the cingulum of the canine (see 1 in photograph). For the common pipistrelle and soprano pipistrelle P2 is tucked behind the canine rather than being fully in the tooth rowand in some cases P3 is not visible at all for these species. In addition the canine of Nathusius' pipistrelles is quite slender (see 2 in photograph) and the point of the second (outer) incisor (I3) projects above the short point of the first incisor (I2) (see 3 in photograph). For the common and soprano pipistrelles I3 is only about half the length of I2.
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